detailed SSC-exam-focused overview of Bihar, covering static GK, general awareness, and current affairs relevant for exams like SSC CGL, CHSL, and other competitive tests.

1. Basic Facts (Static GK of Bihar)

  • Statehood: Became a separate state on 22 March 1912 (carved out of Bengal).

  • Capital: Patna.

  • Governor: Rajendra Arlekar (2025).

  • Chief Minister: Nitish Kumar (JDU-led government, 2025).

  • Official Languages: Hindi, Urdu; regional – Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Angika.

  • Legislative Assembly: Bicameral (Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad).

  • High Court: Patna High Court.

  • State Symbols:

    • State Bird: House Sparrow.

    • State Animal: Gaur (Indian Bison).

    • State Flower: Kachnar.

    • State Tree: Peepal.

2. Geography

  • Borders: Uttar Pradesh (west), Jharkhand (south), West Bengal (east), Nepal (north).

  • Major Rivers: Ganga (flows west to east), Son, Kosi (Sorrow of Bihar), Gandak, Bagmati.

  • Physical Features: Mostly fertile Gangetic plains; prone to floods (especially in Kosi basin).

3. History & Culture

  • Ancient India: Capital of Magadh Empire; associated with Maurya, Gupta dynasties.

  • Important Historical Sites:

    • Nalanda University (ancient center of learning).

    • Bodh Gaya (Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment here).

    • Vaishali (world’s first republic).

    • Rajgir (Bimbisara & Ajatshatru).

  • Important Historical Figures: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Aryabhata, Chanakya.

  • Famous Festivals: Chhath Puja, Sonepur Mela, Pitrapaksha Mela (Gaya).

4. Economy

  • Agriculture-based economy: Major crops – rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, pulses.

  • Known for Litchi of Muzaffarpur and Makhana (Fox Nut) (GI tags).

  • Handicrafts: Madhubani painting (GI-tagged), Bhagalpuri Silk (Tussar silk).

5. Current Affairs (2024–25) – SSC Focus

  1. Nitish Kumar’s new coalition (2024–25) – political change often appears in SSC current affairs.

  2. Nalanda University Revamp – International campus development with global partnerships.

  3. Bihar’s first ethanol production plant under PM's ethanol blending program (launched 2024).

  4. Ganga Waterway Projects: Inland Water Transport Hub in Patna.

  5. Chhath Puja included in international tourism promotion (2024).

6. National Parks & Wildlife

  • Valmiki National Park (West Champaran) – only national park of Bihar.

  • Important sanctuaries: Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, Udaypur WLS.

7. SSC Exam-Oriented Questions (MCQs)

Q1. What is the capital of Bihar?
A) Gaya
B) Nalanda
C) Patna
D) Muzaffarpur
Ans: C) Patna

Q2. Where did Gautam Buddha attain enlightenment?
A) Sarnath
B) Bodh Gaya
C) Kushinagar
D) Vaishali
Ans: B) Bodh Gaya

Q3. Which river is known as the "Sorrow of Bihar"?
A) Gandak
B) Son
C) Kosi
D) Ghaghra
Ans: C) Kosi

Q4. Madhubani painting belongs to which state?
Ans: Bihar

Q5. Which is the only national park in Bihar?
Ans: Valmiki National Park.

8. Key SSC Topics from Bihar

  • Nalanda University & Bodh Gaya (Buddhism).
  • Chhath Puja, Madhubani paintings, Bhagalpuri silk.
  • Ganga & Kosi river facts.
  • Ancient Magadh Empire.
  • Political leaders (CM Nitish Kumar, Governor Rajendra Arlekar).
  • GI-tagged products (Litchi, Makhana).
  • National park – Valmiki.

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